Synthetic Fibres


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Synthetic Fibres

Human made or Synthetic Fibres

Fibers that are made by man from chemical substances are called synthetic fibre. Example: Rayon, Nylon etc. The synthetic fibres are mostly obtained from petroleum. The fabric made up of synthetic fibres is called synthetic fabric.

Types of Synthetic Fibres : Depending upon the type of chemicals used for manufacturing synthetic fibres, there are four major types of synthetic fibres (or man - made fibres). These are :

(i) Rayon.                           (ii) Nylon                      (iii)  Polyester, and              (iv) Acrylic.

NOTE : Rayan is a man-made fibre made from a natural material called cellulose (obtained from wood pulp) Nylon, polyester and acrylic are fully synthetic fibres which do not require a natural material (like cellulose) for their manufacture. These fully synthetic fibres are prepared by a number of processes by using raw materials (or chemical compounds) of petroleum origin, called petrochemicals.

Advantages of synthetic fibres:-

  • They are more durable and easy to maintain.
  • They do not absorb much water, dry up fast and are wrinkle free.
  • They are not affected by moths and moulds. 
  • These fibres have high lustre and they do not turn yellow with age. 
  • They do not shrink on washing.
  • They need very little or no ironing. 
  • They last longer as compared to natural fibres. 
  • They are less expensive as compared to natural fibres.
  • Most synthetic fibres can handle heavy loads without breaking.
  • Disadvantages of synthetic fibre:-

  • They do not allow air to pass through it, hence are not good for summers.
  • They do not absorb sweat. Therefore, clothes made from synthetic fibres are very uncomfortable in summer or rainy season.
  • They easily melt and burn to form small sticky beads at a very high temperature. Therefore, there is always a risk of getting burns, especially in kitchen. 
  • They are non – biodegradable and thus harmful for environment. 
  • They get electrically charged in dry weather. This electric charge causes skin problems in some persons..
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    Sample Questions
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    Question : 1

    Synthetic fibres are those which are :

    Right Option : C
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    Question : 2

    Which one is a synthetic fabrics ?

    Right Option : C
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    Question : 3

    Match the following:

    Column - IColumn - II
    A. Natural fibresP: Terylene
    B. Synthetic fibres Q. Rain coat
    C. Semisynthetic fibresR. Wool
    D. RubberS. Terry Wool

                    

    Right Option : A
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    Explanation
     
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